Criminology

This study explores the impact of adjudicated residential addiction treatment on recidivism in female youth. Recidivism was measured both in elapsed time to reoffending and in number of new offences in several offence categories. Findings indicate that female youth admitted to the residential addiction treatment program demonstrated reduced recidivism in several offence categories, compared to youth who were referred, but not admitted, to the program. Unlike previous research, this study did not indicate a relationship between multiproblem youth and reduced engagement and retention or less positive treatment outcomes. As the treatment program operates as an alternative to custody, these findings support that adjudicated treatment may be effective in addressing the issues underlying criminal behaviour in some youth.

Canadian legislation surrounding sentencing has been prefaced by a statement of the purposes and principles of sentencing since 1996. This legislation identifies proportionality as the fundamental principle in sentencing, and states that sentences should be proportional to the gravity of the offence and the degree of responsibility of the offender. Although prior criminal record may be considered as an aggravating factor by the judiciary when deciding upon an appropriate sentence, our current legislation does not mirror other sentencing systems such as those seen in the United States, where a criminal record may at times form the sole basis for the increasing length of incarceration. The Canadian experience with the sentencing of chronic offenders is an important indicator of sentencing policy in practice. If proportionality is the primary goal of sentencing, how are Canadian judges handling those chronic property offenders who commit dozens or even hundreds of offences over their criminal history? Are sentences strictly controlled by the gravity of the instant offence or are they being inflated by the offender’s criminal history? The aim of this study is to examine if indicators of sentence inflation can be observed in the sentencing patterns for one such group of chronic offenders. In general, the results appear mixed, as some increasing severity outside of the nature of the offence can be seen in terms of denial of bail and imposition of a custodial sentence. However, analysis of the length of the custodial sentences does not clearly demonstrate substantial inflation over those that would be expected solely on the basis of proportionality even for the most incorrigible offenders. What this creates, however, is a revolving door for many of these offenders. The difficulty comes with trying to balance the needs of the public in terms of protection from such chronic offenders (Street Crime Working Group, 2005), while still adhering to the legislated purposes and principles of sentencing.

Television crime dramas such as “CSI: Miami“, “NYPD Blue”, and “Law and Order” have glamourized the careers of criminal justice personnel by shaping their job descriptions into ones which are exciting, highly eventful, and immediately rewarding. In addition, television advertisements from American career technical schools in the United States often inaccurately portray their students in criminology programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the amount of media consumed and subjects' perceptions of the study of criminology. Data were collected through an anonymous pencil and paper survey. Participants were randomly selected from 100-level criminology classes at the University College of the Fraser Valley (n=131). Results suggest that television and radio consumption are significantly related to inaccurate perceptions of the study of criminology. No other forms of media are shown to be related. Recommendations for future research include a focus on marketing criminology programs and studies examining students of all ages. The implications for post-secondary criminology programs are discussed.