Jackson, Jeremy S.H.

Person Preferred Name
Jeremy S.H. Jackson
Affiliation
Psychology

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The conceptual validity of empirical scale construction: the case of the sensation seeking scale
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Abstract
An assessment of the present state of sensation seeking (SS) research suggests that the concepts of physical risk taking and sensation seeking have become synonymous with version five of Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS). Given this, it would appear that the validity of SS research rests on the extent to which the SSS actually measures risk taking and sensation seeking tendencies. The present paper suggests that a series of logical and conceptual errors in the development of the SSS have resulted in a scale that does not measure sensation seeking. This raises concerns about both the value and meaning of investigations in which it is employed. It is concluded that risk taking and SS research has learned more about the SSS than sensation seeking itself.
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Content type
Digital Document
Abstract
(BACKGROUND). Evidence that avoiding axillary lymph node dissection (AxD) strikes an appropriate balance between morbidity and recurrence risk in patients with invasive breast carcinoma generally is anecdotal and without a formally quantified basis. The current study presents a decision analysis of the difference in 5‐year disease free survival (DFS) rate between treatment scenarios with and without routine AxD. (METHODS). To derive quantitative estimates of the effect of avoiding AxD on 5‐year DFS, the authors examined outcomes for women undergoing 2 treatment scenarios: AxD or no AxD with adjuvant therapy decisions based on risk factors in the primary tumor. Eligible patients belonged to 2 lymph node metastases risk groups: low (patients without palpable lymph nodes and lymphatic or vascular invasion [LVI] negative tumors ≤ 0.5 cm in greatest dimension) and moderate (patients with mammographically detected, LVI negative tumors, between 0.6‐2.0 cm in greatest dimension or patients with palpable LVI negative tumors between 0.6‐1.0 cm in greatest dimension with nonpalpable lymph nodes). Along with observed data regarding treatment and recurrence, the authors employed estimates of the efficacy of chemotherapy, tamoxifen, and regional radiation therapy derived from published randomized trials to estimate the 5‐year DFS rate for treatment scenarios with and without AxD. (RESULTS). Patients in the low risk group had a 5% risk of lymph node metastases. In these women, eliminating AxD and treating no patients with chemotherapy and/or tamoxifen resulted in a < 1% decrease in the 5‐year DFS rate. Patients in the moderate risk group had a 10% risk of lymph node metastases. Eliminating AxD and treating only those women with Grade 3 tumors > 1 cm in greatest dimension with chemotherapy and/or tamoxifen resulted in a 1.8% decrease in the 5‐year DFS rate. However, if all patients in this group were treated with chemotherapy and/or tamoxifen and no AxD, the 5‐year DFS rate increased by 2.7%. (CONCLUSIONS). In patients with a low risk of lymph node metastases, it was estimated that eliminating AxD may result in only minimal changes in the estimated 5‐year DFS rate.
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