DOOR (DOuglas Open Repository)

Search results

Search Results

Displaying (1 - 13 of 13)

Title: Sentencing chronic offenders: 30 strikes and you're out?
Author(s): Nahanni Pollard (author), Paul Brantingham (thesis advisor), Simon Fraser University Criminology (Degree granting institution)
Date: 2011-06-15
Abstract: Canadian legislation surrounding sentencing has been prefaced by a statement of the purposes and principles of sentencing since 1996. This legislation identifies proportionality as the fundamental principle in sentencing, and states that sentences should be proportional to the gravity of the offence and the degree of responsibility of the offender. Although prior criminal record may be considered as an aggravating factor by the judiciary when deciding upon an appropriate sentence, our current legislation does not mirror other sentencing systems such as those seen in the United States, where a criminal record may at times form the sole basis for the increasing length of incarceration. The Canadian experience with the sentencing of chronic offenders is an important indicator of sentencing policy in practice. If proportionality is the primary goal of sentencing, how are Canadian judges handling those chronic property offenders who commit dozens or even hundreds of offences over their criminal history? Are sentences strictly controlled by the gravity of the instant offence or are they being inflated by the offender’s criminal history? The aim of this study is to examine if indicators of sentence inflation can be observed in the sentencing patterns for one such group of chronic offenders. In general, the results appear mixed, as some increasing severity outside of the nature of the offence can be seen in terms of denial of bail and imposition of a custodial sentence. However, analysis of the length of the custodial sentences does not clearly demonstrate substantial inflation over those that would be expected solely on the basis of proportionality even for the most incorrigible offenders. What this creates, however, is a revolving door for many of these offenders. The difficulty comes with trying to balance the needs of the public in terms of protection from such chronic offenders (Street Crime Working Group, 2005), while still adhering to the legislated purposes and principles of sentencing.
Department: Criminology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: Human rights policies, neoliberal discourse, and the neutralization of human rights issues in Canadian harassment and discrimination policies
Author(s): Marni Westerman (author)
Date: 2010
Abstract: This paper contemplates changes in the content of harassment and discrimination policies at Canadian universities. I argue that changes in discourse surrounding harassment and discrimination issues within institutions are more than simple adjustments to changes in case law: these changes represent a potentially problematic backgrounding of human rights issues within institutions that is fuelled by the neoliberal social and political context in which policies are developed. The changes represent a re-inscription of hegemonic discourses on anti-harassment issues because they downplay the demands of marginalized groups based on their historical oppression in favour of reprivatized and neutralized approaches to issues of ‘personal security’ and ‘respectful workplaces’. These changes are influenced by a social context that favours individual responsibility and the rejection of demands of so-called ‘special interest groups’. I argue that this represents an example of the effect of the neo- liberal turn in the Canadian social and political context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Department: Sociology

Title: Bluesprint: Black British Columbian literature and orature
Author(s): Wayde Compton (editor)
Date: 2002
Abstract: In the spring and summer of 1858, 600 blacks moved from San Francisco to the colonies that would eventually become British Columbia. The move was in part initiated by an invitation penned by the governor of the British colonies, James Douglas, who is commonly believed to have had African ancestry, a rumour he neither confirmed nor denied. His appearance was such that he could "pass" for white. By 1871, after swelling to over 1,000, the Black population in BC had dwindled to fewer than 500. But in the late 19th century, and on into the twentieth, Blacks continued to come to BC From the time of the first arrivals, the population and history of BC's Black community has been always in flux. If there is a unifying characteristic of black identity in BC, it is surely the talent for reinvention and for pioneering new versions of traditional identities that such conditions demand. And in all this time, BC's Black citizens created poems and stories and lyrics. Some were written, others spoken. "Bluesprint" is a groundbreaking, first-time collection of this creative output, and includes the work of such individuals as: Rebecca Gibbs, Nora Hendrix (grandmother to Jimi), Austin Phillips, Rosemary Brown, Yvonne Brown, Hope Anderson, Lorena Gale, Mercedes Baines, David Nandi Odhiambo, and many others dealing with issues surrounding race, community, gender, and genre. From the literal writings of James Douglas, a figure whose "Blackness" can only be construed from rumour and speculation, through to the contemporary hip hop lyrics of Rascalz, and including the work of poets, journalists, letter writers, biographers, fiction writers, and speech givers, "Bluesprint" is a comprehensive anthology of literature and orature by black British Columbians.
Subject(s): Black Canadians--British Columbia, Blacks--British Columbia, Canadian literature (English)--Black Canadian authors, Canadian literature (English)--British Columbia, Canadian literature (English)--20th century, Canadian literature--Black authors, Canadian literature--British Columbia, Canadian literature--20th century
Department: Creative Writing, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title: The Iraqi expatriates' experience of the North American media coverage of Iraq war
Author(s): Hajera Rostam (author), Beth E. Haverkamp (author)
Date: 2009
Abstract: The extensive North American (NA) media coverage of the recent conflict in Iraq invites the question of how adult Iraqi immigrants have experienced such coverage. This qualitative investigation, involving Iraqi immigrants in Vancouver, Canada, used an interpretive description method (Thorne et al., Int J Qual Methods 3(1):1–21, 2004) to analyze ten participant interviews using Miles and Huberman’s (1994) analytic framework. Eleven themes emerged that identified the participants’ perceptions of the NA media war coverage, and the initial and ongoing impact of being exposed to it. Implications for counseling are considered.
Subject(s): Iraq War, 2003-2011--Press coverage--North America, Iraq War, 2003-2011--Mass media and the war, Foreign news--North America--Psychological aspects, Iraqis--North America, Cross-cultural counseling
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: Parables of care: I know how this ends, stories of dementia care
Author(s): Ernesto Priego (author), Peter Wilkins (author), Melissa Martins (author), Simon Grennan (author)
Date: 2020
Abstract: I Know How This Ends is the second volume in a series that started with Parables of Care: Creative Responses to Dementia Care (2017). The project explores the potential of comics to enhance the impact of dementia care research. This comic book presents, in synthesised form, stories crafted from narrative data collected via interviews with professional caregivers, educators, and staff at Douglas College in Vancouver, Canada, who have cared for relatives and people with dementia in hospital.The intention of the book is to show the importance of feeling in care-giving, the professional aspects of which are sometimes at odds with the family systems aspect of dementia.
Department: English, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title: Peripheral Europeans: The history of the racialization of Slavs in Canada
Author(s): Jakub M. Burkowicz (author), Wendy Chan (thesis advisor), Dara Culhane (chair), Dany Lacombe (committee member), Robert Menzies (committee member), Simon Fraser University Sociology and Anthropology (Degree granting institution)
Date: 2016-08-16
Abstract: This dissertation investigates the racialization of the Slavs in Canada from the end of the th th 19 century until the middle of the 20 . Utilizing Michel Foucault’s and Ernesto Laclau’s formulations of discourse, Berger and Luckmann’s social constructionism, and, broadly, poststructural theory, the principal aim of this work is to demonstrate that during this period Canadians recognized the Slavs as a distinct, homogenous, denationalized racial type. To this end, this dissertation draws on immigration, eugenic, political, journalistic, art, legal, literary, and other discourses in order to trace the discursive formation of race in Canada while considering how such a formation constructed the racialized figure of the Slav. Historians working in the field of Whiteness Studies have established the racialization of various Europeans outside of whiteness in the United States. This dissertation suggests that Whiteness Studies’ emphasis on the banishment of peripheral Europeans from whiteness, along with the trope of “becoming white,” does not apply to the history of racialization of Slavs in Canada. The argument advanced here is that while Slavic identity was occasionally articulated in a strained relationship to whiteness, it is more accurate to see the racialization of the Slavs as entailing an estrangement from the positive attributes associated with an Anglo-Saxon identity and a simultaneous fitting into a complex racial discursive formation whose categories were denationalized. This dissertation insists on a historical approach to the sociological study of race. Examining what various Canadian discourses had to say about the Slavic artistic ability, suitability for assimilation, criminal tendencies, community life, and potential for participation in democratic institutions, this dissertation historicizes race for the reader who today is not likely to recognize the Slavs as a racialized category. This dissertation also contributes to Slavic Studies, urging a move from “Slavic ethnic cultures” and an experience of “xenophobia,” which are popular moves in that field, to the social construction of the Slavic race and the historical experience of racism.
Department: Sociology

Title: Recent advances on supply chain management
Author(s): Mohammad R. Ghaeli (author)
Date: 2017
Abstract: Supply chain management (SCM) is the active centralize of a business' supply related activities to increase customer value and enhance a competitive advantage in the marketplace. SCM includes various efforts by suppliers to implement and effective supply chains which are as economical as possible. Supply chain includes several issues from production, to product development, to the information systems required to direct these undertakings. This paper presents recent advances of supply chain management and issues related in Canadian industries. According to our survey, trust is an important part of the supply chain and business partners. The study also discusses different challenges for the implementation of SCM in Canadian small and medium enterprises.
Subject(s): Business logistics--Canada, Industrial management--Canada, Small business--Management
Department: Commerce and Business Administration, Computing Studies and Information Systems

Title: ‘Putting on band-aids’: the contradictory roles and ‘small wins’ of tempered campus radicals
Author(s): Marni Westerman (author), Laura Huey (author)
Date: 2012
Abstract: Nancy Fraser’s propositions regarding the nature of ‘boundary’ work carried out by experts within organizations suggests that individuals who work within bureaucratic structures are so constrained by the institutional context that they become detached, depoliticizing arbitrators of politicized claims. The purpose of the research reported in this article is to examine the assertion that workers in boundary roles necessarily engage only in work that depoliticizes the claims of oppositional social groups. By exploring the work of anti-harassment practi- tioners at Canadian universities, we uncover moments of both constraint and liberation in the practitioners’ work roles. Attending to the complexities of boundary role work illustrates that struggles over the definition of needs and claims made by marginalized social groups are not closed, nor are boundary workers completely co-opted by bureaucratic institutional prerogatives. Although variously constrained, interviews with practitioners reveal that their work can support counter-hegemonic challenges to the status quo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Department: Sociology

Title: Stigmatisation, exaggeration, and contradiction: an analysis of scientific and clinical content in Canadian print media discourse about fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Author(s): John Aspler (author), Natalie Zizzo (author), Emily Bell (author), Nina Di Pietro (author), Eric Racine (author)
Date: 2019
Abstract: Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a complex diagnosis that includes a wide range of neurodevelopmental disabilities, results from exposure to alcohol in the womb. FASD remains poorly understood by Canadians, which could contribute to reported stigma faced by both people with FASD and women who drink alcohol while pregnant. Methods: To better understand how information about FASD is presented in the public sphere, we conducted content analysis of 286 articles from ten major English-language Canadian newspapers (2002-2015). We used inductive coding to derive a coding guide from the data, and then iteratively applied identified codes back onto the sample, checking inter-coder reliability. Results: We identified six major themes related to clinical and scientific media content: 1) prevalence of FASD and of women’s alcohol consumption; 2) research related to FASD; 3) diagnosis of FASD; 4) treatment of FASD and maternal substance abuse; 5) primary disabilities associated with FASD; and 6) effects of alcohol exposure during pregnancy. Discussion: Across these six themes, we discuss three instances of ethically consequential exaggeration and misrepresentation: 1) exaggeration about FASD rates in Indigenous communities; 2) contradiction between articles about the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure; and 3) scientifically accurate information that neglects the social context of alcohol use and abuse by women. Respectively, these representations could lead to harmful stereotyped beliefs about Indigenous peoples, might generate confusion about healthy choices during pregnancy, and may unhelpfully inflame debates about sensitive issues surrounding women’s choices.
Subject(s): Alcoholism in pregnancy, Children of prenatal alcohol abuse, Stigma (Social psychology), Stereotypes (Social psychology), Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders--Press coverage--Canada, Pregnant women--Alcohol use--Canada, Indigenous women--Alcohol use--Canada, First Nations women--Alcohol use--Canada
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: After Canaan : essays on race, writing, and region
Author(s): Wayde Compton (author)
Date: 2010
Abstract: "Written from the perspective of someone who was born and lives outside of African American culture, it riffs on the concept of Canada as a promised land (or "Canaan") encoded in African American myth and song since the days of slavery. These varied essays, steeped in a kind of history rarely written about, explore the language of racial misrecognition (also known as "passing"), the failure of urban renewal, humor as a counterweight to "official" multiculturalism, the poetics of hip hop turntablism, and the impact of the Obama phenomenon on the way we speak about race itself."--Provided by publisher.
Subject(s): Post-racialism--Canada, Multiculturalism--Canada, Race in literature, Canada--Intellectual life--20th century
Department: Creative Writing, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title: Explaining the health gap experienced by girls and women in Canada: A social determinants of health perspective
Author(s): Cecilia Benoit (author), Leah Shumka (author), Kate Vallance (author), Helga Hallgrímsdóttir (author), Rachel Phillips (author), Karen Kobayashi (author), Olena Hankivsky (author), Colleen Reid (author), Elana Brief (author)
Date: 2009
Abstract: In the last few decades there has been a resurgence of interest in the social causes of health inequities among and between individuals and populations. This 'social determinants' perspective focuses on the myriad demographic and societal factors that shape health and well-being. Heeding calls for the mainstreaming of two very specific health determinants - sex and gender - we incorporate both into our analysis of the health gap experienced by girls and women in Canada. However, we take an intersectional approach in that we argue that a comprehensive picture of health inequities must, in addition to considering sex and gender, include a context sensitive analysis of all the major dimensions of social stratification. In the case of the current worldwide economic downturn, and the uniquely diverse Canadian population spread over a vast territory, this means thinking carefully about how socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, immigrant status, employment status and geography uniquely shape the health of all Canadians, but especially girls and women. We argue that while a social determinants of health perspective is important in its own right, it needs to be understood against the backdrop of broader structural processes that shape Canadian health policy and practice. By doing so we can observe how the social safety net of all Canadians has been eroding, especially for those occupying vulnerable social locations.
Department: Therapeutic Recreation

Title: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Canada: Content analysis of tweets using the theoretical domains framework
Author(s): Janessa Griffith (author), Husayn Marani (author), Helen Monkman (author)
Date: 2021
Abstract: Background: With the approval of two COVID-19 vaccines in Canada, many people feel a sense of relief, as hope is on the horizon. However, only about 75% of people in Canada plan to receive one of the vaccines. The purpose of this study is to determine the reasons why people in Canada feel hesitant toward receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: We screened 3915 tweets from public Twitter profiles in Canada by using the search words “vaccine” and “COVID.” The tweets that met the inclusion criteria (i.e., those about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy) were coded via content analysis. Codes were then organized into themes and interpreted by using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Results: Overall, 605 tweets were identified as those about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy stemmed from the following themes: concerns over safety, suspicion about political or economic forces driving the COVID-19 pandemic or vaccine development, a lack of knowledge about the vaccine, antivaccine or confusing messages from authority figures, and a lack of legal liability from vaccine companies. This study also examined mistrust toward the medical industry not due to hesitancy, but due to the legacy of communities marginalized by health care institutions. These themes were categorized into the following five Theoretical Domains Framework constructs: knowledge, beliefs about consequences, environmental context and resources, social influence, and emotion. Conclusions With the World Health Organization stating that one of the worst threats to global health is vaccine hesitancy, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the reasons behind this reluctance. By using a behavioral science framework, this study adds to the emerging knowledge about vaccine hesitancy in relation to COVID-19 vaccines by analyzing public discourse in tweets in real time. Health care leaders and clinicians may use this knowledge to develop public health interventions that are responsive to the concerns of people who are hesitant to receive vaccines.
Subject(s): COVID-19 (Disease)--Vaccination--Canada--Public opinion, Vaccination--Canada--Public opinion, Vaccine hesitancy--Canada, Health attitudes--Canada
Department: Health Information Management, Health Sciences

Title: 'And how pretty they are!’ Lawn tennis, tourism and gender relations at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, 1880s-1920s
Author(s): Robert J. Lake (author)
Date: 2021
Abstract: In the four decades straddling the turn of the nineteenth century, the small Ontario town of Niagara-on-the-Lake experienced marked growth in its tourism industry. Catering predominantly to wealthy upper-middle-class Canadian and American visitors, the lake-side settlement offered numerous opportunities for polite recreation. Chief among them was lawn tennis, a sport that sat somewhat outside of the mainstream in terms of its high-class, mixed-sex participation demographic. While its players were imbued with a strong amateur philosophy, local boosters recognized the sport’s potential to generate tourism income through its two tournaments, but this hinged on the outward presentation among its players/guests of refined gentility—a reflection of both class and gender—both on and off the court. This article considers how lawn tennis tournaments fit into the town’s burgeoning tourism industry, and examines gender relations—particularly the role of women—in relation to this development.
Subject(s): Sports and tourism--Ontario--History, Sports and tourism--Social aspects--Ontario--History, Tennis--Economic aspects--Ontario--History, Tennis--Social aspects--Ontario--History, Tennis--Tournaments--Economic aspects--Ontario--History, Tennis--Tournaments--Social aspects--Ontario--History, Feminism and sports--Ontario--History
Department: Sport Science