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Title: The behavioural consequences of the automatic dehumanization of refugees
Author(s): Alina Sutter (author), Stelian Medianu (author), Victoria Esses (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Presented at the Pathways to Prosperity National Conference - Shaping Immigration to Canada: Learning from the Past and a Vision for the Future, 2018, Ottawa, Ontario. In the second workshop, "Public Perceptions of Refugees: Contexts and Response": While Canada’s overall commitment to resettling refugees is admirable, there are those within Canadian society who view such arrivals with apprehension. When politicians, pundits, media, and the broader public express disparaging views or opinions about refugees, the result, whether intentional or not, is the reinforcing of negative prejudices and stereotypes. The goal of this session is to assess the opinions and views of the broader public and media towards refugees while examining the impact that such perspectives may have on refugees in Canada. (From original website)
Subject(s): Refugees--Public opinion, Refugees--Press coverage, Prejudices in mass media, Stereotypes (Social psychology) in mass media, Mass media and public opinion, Mass media and ethnic relations
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: Challenges of using progress monitoring measures: insights from practicing clinicians
Author(s): Gabriela Ionita (author), Marilyn Fitzpatrick (author), Jann Tomaro (author), Vivian V. Chen (author), Louise Overington (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Although integrating progress monitoring (PM) measures into psychotherapy practice can provide numerous benefits, including improved client outcomes, relatively few clinicians use these measures (e.g., Ionita & Fitzpatrick, 2014). To better understand the reasons for clinicians’ reluctance, consensual qualitative research methodology was used to examine the challenges faced by clinicians currently using PM measures. Open-ended, semistructured interviews, with 25 clinicians who chose to use PM measures, revealed that clinicians tended to face challenges involving technical concerns, negative responses from others, and personal barriers such as anxiety. The majority of participants discussed ways to overcome the challenges they experienced, including ensuring the fit of the PM measure, explaining measures to others to help engender a positive response, adapting their own perspective, and increasing their own and others’ knowledge of the measures. Implications for practicing psychologists and for knowledge translation efforts are discussed.
Subject(s): Evidence-based psychotherapy, Psychotherapy--Outcome assessment, Psychotherapy--Evaluation, Psychotherapy patients--Rehabilitation--Evaluation, Qualitative research
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: Ethical challenges in contemporary FASD research and practice: a global health perspective
Author(s): Nina Di Pietro (author), Jantina De Vries (author), Angelina Paolozza (author), Dorothy Reid (author), James N. Reynolds (author), Amy Salmon (author), Marsha Wilson (author), Dan J. Stein (author), Judy Illes (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is increasingly recognized as a growing public health issue worldwide. Although more research is needed on both the diagnosis and treatment of FASD, and a broader and more culturally diverse range of services are needed to support those who suffer from FASD and their families, both research and practice for FASD raise significant ethical issues. In response, from the point of view of both research and clinical neuroethics, we provide a framework that emphasizes the need to maximize benefits and minimize harm, promote justice, and foster respect for persons within a global context.
Subject(s): Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, Children of prenatal alcohol abuse--Services for, Neurosciences, Medical ethics, World health, Public health
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: Progress monitoring measures: the interaction of clinician initial motivation with selection and maintenance issues
Author(s): Megan Knoll (author), Gabriela Ionita (author), Jann Tomaro (author), Vivian Chen (author), Marilyn Fitzpatrick (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: The use of Progress Monitoring (PM) measures has been shown to improve outcomes in therapy for clients who do not follow the normal trajectory of improvement. In addition to improved outcomes, there are several other documented benefits of PM that may motivate clinicians to use PM. Research has examined the broader field of selecting mental health care quality assessment tools and a review of the literature has pointed to the importance of considering motivation for assessment when selecting a measure. However, how motivation influences the selection or maintained usage of PM measures has not been studied. This study examined initial motivation as well as measure selection and continuing use of PM. Consensual Qualitative Research methodology was applied to characterize how clinicians (n = 25) started, selected, and maintained use of PM measures and how initial motivation related to measure selection and continued use. Regardless of initial motivation, convenience and effectiveness emerged as important when selecting and continuing to use a measure. Results are compared to current frameworks for selecting mental health- care quality indicators. Our results suggest that PM measures need to strike a balance, emphasizing convenience as well as efficacy in order to improve clinical uptake and adherence.
Subject(s): Psychotherapy--Outcome assessment, Psychotherapy--Evaluation, Psychotherapy patients--Rehabilitation--Evaluation, Evidence-based psychiatry, Evidence-based psychotherapy, Qualitative research
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: 'Things are a lot more gray now, as opposed to black vs. white': student uncertainty on the edge of a threshold in Introductory Sociology
Author(s): Alison Thomas (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Conference presentation delivered at the Threshold Concepts Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia (June, 2016)
Subject(s): Sociology--Methodology, Sociology--Study and teaching
Department: Sociology

Title: Troubling Canadian community in Brian K. Vaughn’s 'We Stand on Guard'
Author(s): Brenna Clarke Gray (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Conference paper presented at the CACLALS (Canadian Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies), 2016. Last year, I presented some preliminary thoughts on how Canadianness is coded on the page in mainstream — meaning not indie; think Marvel, not D&Q — comics designed primarily for the American market, and in particular how Indigenous bodies are used as a short-hand for Canadianness, tracing this heritage from Nelvana of the North from the WWII-era Canadian Whites comics all the way to 2014’s Justice League Unlimited run by Canadian indie-artist-turned-big-2-superstar Jeff Lemire. Today’s paper builds on that work as I continue to interrogate how Canadian identity is constructed and exploited in mainstream American media for thematic ends, and what identities are appropriated and issues elided in the process.
Subject(s): Canadian identity, United States--Relations--Canada, Canada--Relations--United States
Department: English, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title

The reason for time

Author(s)

Mary Burns (author)

Date

2016

Abstract

"Whole minutes passed when I didn’t think of my man and the swimming lesson set up for the next day, if no one was murdered before then, or the cars stopped, or a bomb go off somewhere…"

On a hot, humid Monday afternoon in July 1919, Maeve Curragh watches as a blimp plunges from the sky and smashes into a downtown Chicago bank building. It is the first of ten extraordinary days in Chicago history that will forever change the course of her life. Racial tensions mount as soldiers return from the battlefields of Europe and the Great Migration brings new faces to the city, culminating in violent race riots. Each day the young Irish immigrant, a catalogue order clerk for the Chicago Magic Company, devours the news of a metropolis where cultural pressures are every bit as febrile as the weather. But her interest in the headlines wanes when she catches the eye of a charming streetcar conductor. Maeve’s singular voice captures the spirit of a young woman living through one of Chicago’s most turbulent periods. Seamlessly blending fact with fiction, Mary Burns weaves an evocative tale of how an ordinary life can become inextricably linked with history.

From publisher description

Subject(s)

Irish Americans--Chicago--Fiction, Chicago (Ill.)--History--20th century--Fiction, Chicago (Ill.)--Race relations--History--20th century--Fiction, Nineteen tens--Fiction, Chicago Race Riot, Chicago, Ill., 1919--Fiction, Nineteen tens--Fiction, United States--History--1919-1933--Fiction

Department

Creative Writing, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: The microfinance mirage: The politics of poverty, social capital and women's empowerment in Ethiopia
Author(s): Esayas B. Geleta (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Microfinance has long been considered a development strategy that can correct the failure of the global credit market and address the financial needs of the poor enabling them to create and run profitable business enterprises. The Microfinance Mirage argues that this neo–liberal oriented analysis overemphasises the economic argument whilst ignoring the cultural roots of inequality and subordination. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted among rural credit clients in the Northern region of Ethiopia, Esayas Bekele Geleta provides a nuanced critical analysis of microfinance challenging the common assumption that it facilitates the building of social capital, poverty reduction and the empowerment of women. Making a unique contribution to our further understanding of the microfinance industry the research shows that, in some cases, microfinance can result in the disintegration of pre–existing relationships and in the disruption and destruction of the livelihoods of the poor. Exploring the impact of microfinance in one of the poorest regions of sub–Saharan Africa, this book demonstrates its potential and problems and shows the complex and contradictory social and cultural environments in which projects are often located.
Department: Sociology

Title: If it quacks like a duck: Understanding science versus pseudoscience
Author(s): Steve Charlton (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Presented at the 8th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. This presentation examines the need to facilitate critical thinking and teach students at all levels of the educational system how to distinguish science from pseudoscience. Students are constantly inundated with information from various sources such as parents, friends, social media, newspapers, television, advertising, books, and the internet. As consumers of information students need to sort through all this information and determine how much of the information is valid. Numerous polls and research studies have demonstrated that a majority of students, even at the masters and doctoral level, tend to believe in pseudoscientific and paranormal claims. Although many of these beliefs may be relatively harmless such as a belief in ghosts, astrology or alien abductions, in many other cases there is a greater potential for harm such as not seeking proper medical help (using alternative medicine such as homeopathy or therapeutic touch, or a belief that vaccinations cause autism). Understanding how to distinguish science from pseudoscience, myths and misconceptions is important for many different areas. Examples of pseudoscientific beliefs exist not only in the health field but also in other areas such as education (learning styles, facilitated communication, sugar makes children hyperactive), psychology (many self-help books, subliminal tapes, the idea that we only use 10% of our brains, some therapies), law (the use of lie detectors, profiling, belief in Satanic ritual belief, myths about drugs), sports (power bracelets, many supplements, superstitions) and business (failure to understand regression toward the mean and the representativeness heuristic). This presentation will examine the benefits of teaching about pseudoscience and its impact at both a personal and societal level.
Subject(s): Pseudoscience, Critical thinking, Critical thinking--Study and teaching, Teaching
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: The promises and pitfalls of sex integration in sport and physical culture
Author(s): Robert J. Lake (author), Alex Channon (author), Katherine Dashper (author), Thomas Fletcher (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Scholars working in the academic field of sport studies have long debated the relationship between modern sport and gender (e.g. Hargreaves and Anderson, 2014; Hargreaves, 1994; Lenskyj, 1986; Messner, 2002). Within this body of work, modern sport forms – along with a great diversity of related activities, including dance, fitness training, physical education, etc. – have consistently been shown to carry meanings relative to the structures of gender prevailing in the wider social settings within which they take place, with patterns of participation and consumption clearly mapping onto gendered ideals. However, rather than simply mirroring such social norms, research suggests that many sporting practices were invented or have been purposefully developed in order to train young men and women in socially-approved gender behaviors to begin with (Cahn 1994; Hargreaves 1994; Theberge, 2000). Thus, much of contemporary physical culture finds its roots in the process which scholars describe as the ‘social construction of gender’; in other words, doing sports and other activities in gender-differentiated ways has long been a means of producing and maintaining difference in the lives of men and women, girls and boys.
Department: Sport Science

Title: Effects of toll-like receptor ligands on RAW 264.7 macrophage morphology and zymosan phagocytosis
Author(s): Lynette B. Sigola (author), Ana-Lucia Fuentes (author), Leonard Millis (author), Jacqueline Vapenik (author), Armstrong Murira (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: In this study we compared the effects of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagellin, the synthetic bacterial triacylated lipopeptide Pam3-Cys-Ser-Lys4 (Pam3CSK4), Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), and macrophage-activating lipopeptide (MALP-2), which are TLR4, TLR5, TLR1/2, TLR3, and TLR2/6 agonists, respectively, on cell morphology and phagocytosis of zymosan particles, derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and rich in fungal PAMPs including beta-glucan, mannose, and chitin. LPS, Pam3CSK4, and MALP-2 induced an activated macrophage phenotype and enhanced zymosan phagocytosis. In contrast, flagellin and Poly I:C, respectively, had little effect on cell morphology and phagocytosis. We examined the role of scavenger receptor A (SR-A) on zymosan phagocytosis. Cells cultured in medium alone expressed SR-A, and LPS induced further expression of the receptor. We also observed inhibitory effects of scavenger receptor antagonists fucoidan, dextran sulphate, and Polyinosinic (Poly I), respectively, on zymosan phagocytosis of cells in medium alone and those pre-treated with LPS. We conclude that exposure to specific TLR ligands impacts both cellular morphology and phagocytic capacity, and that scavenger receptors contribute to zymosan ingestion as well as LPS-induced augmentation of phagocytosis.--Publisher.
Subject(s): Toll-like Receptors, Phagocytosis
Department: Biology, Nursing

Title: Trenches, embankments, and palisades: Terraforming landscapes for defensive fortifications in Coast Salish Territory
Author(s): Bill Angelbeck (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Conference paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting (April 6-10, 2016), Orlando, Florida. Also includes maps, diagrams, depictions, images and historic pictures of residential Coast Salish constructions, defensive sites (30 images) appended to conference paper. The Coast Salish hunter-gatherer fishers of the Northwest Coast built substantial defenses, involving the labor of multiple households and entire villages. These fortifications, perched upon high bluff promontories or at the points of narrow coastal sandspit ridges, often involved deep trenches and steep embankments that were enclosed by tall palisades of cedar planks. Such constructions would have dominated the viewshed of their seascape. In this presentation, I’ll highlight the degree of terraforming involved in their constructions and consider the monumental aspects of these defensive works. Further, I will also address the collective monumentality of numerous sites, wherein fortifications appear to be built in conjunction with neighboring sites. In so doing, they exhibit both the material manifestation of their own autonomous power in defense at individual sites, while also establishing and signifying their allied power in closely-networked fortifications to serve needs at intercommunity scales.
Subject(s): Coast Salish Indians--British Columbia, Defensive fortifications (Coast Salish Territory), Terraforming, Collective monumentality
Department: Anthropology

Title: Price-to-earnings ratio: a state-of-art review
Author(s): Mohammad R. Ghaeli (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: One of the primary tools for asset evaluation on stock market is to use price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio. The method is simple and has become popular among many investors for buy/sell decisions. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on recent advances on the use of P/E ratio for measuring other firms’ characteristics. The survey has reviewed several studies on the relationship between P/E ratio and stock performance, estimation of transaction data, insider transaction, future growth, firm size, interest ratio, book-to-market equity, etc.
Subject(s): Price-earnings ratio, Stocks--Prices, Ratio analysis
Department: Commerce and Business Administration, Computing Studies and Information Systems

Title: Footnotes, Endnotes, and HTML5: Blogging and the future of literary criticism
Author(s): Brenna Clarke Gray (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Conference paper presented at the ACCUTE (Association of Canadian College and University Teachers of English), Calgary 2016. Literary scholars were among the earliest adopters of digital dissemination of research; indeed, the field of Digital Humanities is populated heavily by people with PhDs in English, especially from areas like Renaissance literature where a large body of material is available in open source formats. As the Digital Humanities have expanded and other fields have embraced digital culture for dissemination of information, new issues around publishing and peer review, including the utility of open access journals, have emerged. These venues for publication and conversation offer a democratic approach to scholarly debate, often engaging academics and non-academics alike, and demanding acknowledgement of fan communities and their unique approaches to the close readings of texts. This intersection can frustrate traditionally-trained academics, but it can also enrich academic conversations and help connect the scholarship of literature to the real-world experiences of readers.
Subject(s): Scholarly publishing--Research, Humanities--Research, Blogging, Digital humanities--Research, Scholarly electronic publishing, Information dissemination
Department: English, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title: From Calbacor: an illustrated lecture
Author(s): Rick Maddocks (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: An excerpt from the book Cabalcor: An Extracted History by Sun Belt is presented. The book was based on songs from Sun Belt's debut album Cabalcor (OffSeason Records).
Subject(s): Sun Belt (Group of artists)--Cabalcor : an extracted history, Sun Belt (Group of artists)--Criticism and interpretation, Arts, Canadian--21st century
Department: Creative Writing, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title: The effects of Bisphenol A exposure at different developmental time points in an androgen-sensitive neuromuscular system
Author(s): Bryan A. Jones (author), Lydia S. Wagner (author), Neil V. Watson (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: The industrial plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disruptor to which the general human population is routinely exposed. Although BPA is well known as an estrogenic mimic, there have been some suggestions that this compound may also alter activity at the androgen receptor. To determine whether BPA does have antiandrogenic properties, we evaluated BPA effects in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus and dorsolateral nucleus, sexually dimorphic groups of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord that are critically dependent on androgens for survival and maintenance, as well as the monomorphic retrodorsolateral nucleus. In experiment 1, we administered varying concentrations of BPA to juvenile rats pre- and postnatally and examined both the number and size of motor neurons in adulthood. In experiment 2, different doses of BPA were given to adult rats for 28 days, after which the soma size of motor neurons were measured. Although no effect of BPA on neural survival or soma size was noted after perinatal BPA exposure, BPA exposure did result in a decrease in soma size in all motor neuron pools after chronic exposure in adulthood. These findings are discussed with regard to putative antiandrogenic effects of BPA; we argue that BPA is not antiandrogenic but is acting through nonandrogen receptor-dependent mechanisms. Part of the " Special Series: Endocrine Society Centennial Celebration".
Subject(s): Bisphenol A--Physiological effect, Endocrine disrupting chemicals, Androgens, Antiandrogens
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: Inability to suppress salient distractors predicts low visual working memory capacity
Author(s): John M. Gaspar (author), Gregory J. Christie (author), David J. Prime (author), Pierre Jolicœur (author), John J. McDonald (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: According to contemporary accounts of visual working memory (vWM), the ability to efficiently filter relevant from irrelevant information contributes to an individual’s overall vWM capacity. Although there is mounting evidence for this hypothesis, very little is known about the precise filtering mechanism responsible for controlling access to vWM and for differentiating low- and high-capacity individuals. Theoretically, the inefficient filtering observed in low-capacity individuals might be specifically linked to problems enhancing relevant items, suppressing irrelevant items, or both. To find out, we recorded neurophysiological activity associated with attentional selection and active suppression during a competitive visual search task. We show that high-capacity individuals actively suppress salient distractors, whereas low-capacity individuals are unable to suppress salient distractors in time to prevent those items from capturing attention. These results demonstrate that individual differences in vWM capacity are associated with the timing of a specific attentional control operation that suppresses processing of salient but irrelevant visual objects and restricts their access to higher stages of visual processing.
Subject(s): Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology), Memory--Physiological aspects, Short-term memory, Human information processing, Attention
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title

Activity of SHIP, which prevents expression of interleukin 1β, is reduced in patients with Crohn’s disease

Author(s)

Eyler N. Ngoh (author), Shelley B. Weisser (author), Young Lo (author), Lisa K. Kozicky (author), Roger Jen (author), Hayley K. Brugger (author), Susan C. Menzies (author), Keith W. McLarren (author), Dominika Nackiewicz (author), Nico van Rooijen (author), Kevan Jacobson (author), Jan A. Ehses (author), Stuart E. Turvey (author), Laura M. Sly (author)

Date

2016

Abstract

Background & Aims Crohn’s disease (CD) is associated with a dysregulated immune response to commensal micro-organisms in the intestine. Mice deficient in inositol polyphosphate 5′-phosphatase D (INPP5D, also known as SHIP) develop intestinal inflammation resembling that of patients with CD. SHIP is a negative regulator of PI3Kp110α activity. We investigated mechanisms of intestinal inflammation in Inpp5d−/− mice (SHIP-null mice), and SHIP levels and activity in intestinal tissues of subjects with CD.

Methods We collected intestines from SHIP-null mice, as well as Inpp5d+/+ mice (controls), and measured levels of cytokines of the interleukin 1 (IL1) family (IL1α, IL1β, IL1ra, and IL6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Macrophages were isolated from lamina propria cells of mice, IL1β production was measured, and mechanisms of increased IL1β production were investigated. Macrophages were incubated with pan−phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors or PI3Kp110α-specific inhibitors. Some mice were given an antagonist of the IL1 receptor; macrophages were depleted from ilea of mice using clodronate-containing liposomes. We obtained ileal biopsies from sites of inflammation and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treatment-naïve subjects with CD or without CD (controls), and measured SHIP levels and activity. PBMCs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate, and levels of IL1β production were measured.

Results Inflamed intestinal tissues and intestinal macrophages from SHIP-null mice produced higher levels of IL1B and IL18 than intestinal tissues from control mice. We found PI3Kp110α to be required for macrophage transcription of Il1b. Macrophage depletion or injection of an IL1 receptor antagonist reduced ileal inflammation in SHIP-null mice. Inflamed ileal tissues and PBMCs from patients with CD had lower levels of SHIP protein than controls (P < .0001 and P < .0002, respectively). There was an inverse correlation between levels of SHIP activity in PBMCs and induction of IL1β production by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate (R2 = .88).

Conclusions Macrophages from SHIP-deficient mice have increased PI3Kp110α-mediated transcription of Il1b, which contributes to spontaneous ileal inflammation. SHIP levels and activity are lower in intestinal tissues and peripheral blood samples from patients with CD than controls. There is an inverse correlation between SHIP activity and induction of IL1β production by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate in PBMCs. Strategies to reduce IL1B might be developed to treat patients with CD found to have low SHIP activity.

Department

Biology

Title: The ‘ubiquitous apostle of international play’, Wilberforce Vaughan Eaves: The forgotten internationalist of lawn tennis
Author(s): Simon J. Eaves (author), Robert J. Lake (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: In the context of sustained imperial dominance during the late Victorian era, foreigners perceived British playing styles, methods and approaches to lawn tennis as ‘blueprints’ for aspiring players. Those seeking to learn the game were largely dependent on observing skilled performers, however before the mid-1890s, most of the best British players declined to venture to Australasia and America, perceiving the opposition as inferior and their championships unworthy of their participation. Moreover, while British-trained coaching-professionals – widely considered the world’s best – offered instruction in a small number of clubs, they also rarely ventured outside of Europe. Alongside these barriers, the parochial and ethnocentric Lawn Tennis Association was less than proactive in their approaches to fostering international relations. One man, however, Dr Wilberforce Vaughan Eaves, did more for the internationalization of the sport than anyone else during this period, travelling extensively in America, South Africa and Australasia, demonstrating his skills, offering instruction and advising officials. Consequently, he helped develop the sport’s international character, laying the foundations for the Davis Cup, helping to foster Anglo-Australasian and Anglo-American relations, and hastening the development of foreign players, particularly in Australasia. This paper assesses the notable contributions of a player, coach and diplomat who has been largely ignored.
Subject(s): Tennis--History, Tennis
Department: Sport Science

Title: Transformative learning and the sociological imagination
Author(s): Marni Westerman (author)
Date: 2016
Abstract: Conference presentation delivered at the Canadian Sociological Association (CSA) Congress, Calgary, Alberta (2016).
How can we encourage TL and SI?
Subject(s): Sociology education, Transformative learning, Sociological imagination
Department: Sociology