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Title: The time lag between a carbon dioxide emission and maximum warming increases with the size of the emission
Author(s): Kirsten Zickfeld (author), Tyler Herrington (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: In a recent letter, Ricke and Caldeira (2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 124002) estimated that the timing between an emission and the maximum temperature response is a decade on average. In their analysis, they took into account uncertainties about the carbon cycle, the rate of ocean heat uptake and the climate sensitivity but did not consider one important uncertainty: the size of the emission. Using simulations with an Earth System Model we show that the time lag between a carbon dioxide (CO2) emission pulse and the maximum warming increases for larger pulses. Our results suggest that as CO2 accumulates in the atmosphere, the full warming effect of an emission may not be felt for several decades, if not centuries. Most of the warming, however, will emerge relatively quickly, implying that CO2 emission cuts will not only benefit subsequent generations but also the generation implementing those cuts. [Publisher Abstract]
Subject(s): Carbon dioxide emissions, Warming commitment, Ocean Thermal Inertia, Earth System Modelling
Department: Geography and the Environment, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: Cola Kids Need a Fix
Author(s): Roberta Staley (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Youth in El Salvador are addicted to soft drinks, resulting in an epidemic of childhood tooth rot and gum disease.
Subject(s): Dental caries in children--El Salvador, Dental caries in children--Prevention, Nutrition and dental health--El Salvador, Soft drinks--Health aspects--El Salvador, Drinking customs--Health aspects--El Salvador, Dental health education--El Salvador
Department: Communications, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title: An innocent at home: Scott Pilgrim and his Canadian multicultural contexts
Author(s): Brenna Clarke Gray (author), Peter Wilkins (author), Carolene Ayaka (editor), Ian Hague (editor)
Date: 2015
Abstract: The chapter, "An innocent at home: Scott Pilgrim and his Canadian multicultural contexts" was written by the listed authors Brenna Clarke Gray and Peter Wilkins (Douglas College Faculty). Part of the Routledge research in cultural and media studies series.
Subject(s): Comic books, strips--History and criticism, Multiculturalism in literature, Graphic novels--History and criticism
Department: English, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title: 'Grace Aguilar's defence of Jewish difference: Representing women's reading'
Author(s): Richa Dwor (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Alongside her meditations on Jewish practice and history, Grace Aguilar (1816–47) also wrote stories devoid of Jewish content and advised her female readers to ‘look to [their] English Bibles’. Consequently, contemporaries and critics have claimed that her work assimilates Evangelical literary models. The trope of women’s reading in her fiction, however, and the theorisation of this practice in The Spirit of Judaism (1842) indicates that for Aguilar, valorising women’s capacity for textual interpretation works to defend against apostasy, thus improving the status of the Jews in Protestant England.
Subject(s): Aguilar, Grace, 1816-1847--Criticism and interpretation, English literature--Jewish authors--History and criticism, Jewish literature--19th century--History and criticism
Department: English, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title: Assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of a police service: the analytics of operational reviews
Author(s): Curt Taylor Griffiths (author), Nahanni Pollard (author), Tom Stamatakis (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Concerns over rising costs have forced police services to balance increasing fiscal and operational pressures. Discussions of the resources and requirements of police, however, are generally only informed by political expediency and traditional practice. Operational reviews (ORs) can be used to document the demands on police, their capacity to respond, and ways in which they can become more efficient and effective. Drawing on an OR of a major urban Canadian police service, this article provides a broad outline of the components of an OR and the analytics that can be used to answer these key questions.
Subject(s): Police--Finance, Police administration--Economic aspects, Crime prevention--Cost effectiveness, Criminal justice, Administration of--Cost effectiveness, Criminal justice, Administration of--Economic aspects
Department: Criminology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: Susceptibilidad de las áreas protegidas cubanas a la invasión por Rhus succedanea (Anacardiaceae): [Cuban protected areas susceptibility to invasion for Rhus succedanea (Anacardiaceae)]
Author(s): Ernesto T. Lozano (author), Lisbet González-Oliva (author), Adrian M. Cuétara (author), Luis R. González-Torres (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Forecast the areas with the appropriate conditions for the presence of invasive species can be crucial for the development of successful management plan. Rhus succedanea have transformer tendency and is the first invasive toxic plant reported for Cuba. For these reason this plant represent a threat both for human health and native biodiversity. The aim of this work is to identified those Cuban protected areas susceptible to be invaded by Rhus succedanea. We made a global model in Maxent program, using presence records for this species at native and exotic range. The data were obtained from an international data base and field work. The generated models were overlapped with the Cuban protected areas map. All Cuban mountain regions have appropriate conditions for R. succedanea invasion, and 64 Cuban protected areas are susceptible to be invaded by this invasive plant. The highest occurrence probability was found in the Ecological Reserve “Pico San Juan”, the Natural Reserve “El Mulo”, the National Park “Viñales” and the “Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra del Rosario”. Effective management actions to prevent further invasions of this plant may be facilitate given the fact that most of the susceptible sites were found at protected areas.
Department: Biology

Title: David Lam Campus
Date: 2015

Title: The demise of Olympic lawn tennis in the 1920's: A case study of shifting relations between the IOC and International Sports Federations
Author(s): Robert J. Lake (author), Matthew Llewellyn (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: The Olympic Movement underwent a period of profound change in the interwar years. A generational shift occurred as Pierre de Coubertin’s reign came to an end, and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) under the presidency of Comte Henri de Baillet-Latour, embarked on a renewed mission to create a more standardized amateur definition. The IOC also took a tougher stance on the involvement of, and the authority it afforded to, its affiliated international sports federations (ISFs) for Olympic event preparations. Relations between the IOC and the ISFs inevitably grew strained. The case of Olympic lawn tennis presents an interesting lens through which to view shifting organizational relations. Frustrated by the dogmatic approach of Baillet-Latour and the IOC, the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) sought to reassert its authority over Olympic tennis. In the years leading up to the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam, the ILTF demanded representation on the IOC, and also imposed a definition of an amateur that directly contravened the more stringent amateur standards imposed by Olympic officials in Lausanne. Both sides refused to concede ground, culminating in the eventual removal of lawn tennis from the 1928 Amsterdam Olympic program and thereafter for over sixty years.
Subject(s): Olympic games--History, International Olympic Committee (IOC), International Lawn Federation, Tennis--History
Department: Sport Science

Title: Proton, muon and 13C hyperfine coupling constants of C60X and C70X (X = H, Mu)
Author(s): Jean Claude Brodovitch (author), Brenda Addison-Jones (author), Khashayar Ghandi (author), Iain McKenzie (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: The reaction of H atoms with fullerene C70 has been investigated by identifying the radical products formed by addition of the atom muonium (Mu) to the fullerene in solution. Four of the five possible radical isomers of C70Mu were detected by avoided level-crossing resonance (μLCR) spectroscopy, using a dilute solution of enriched 13C70 in decalin. DFT calculations were used to predict muon and 13C isotropic hyperfine constants as an aid to assigning the observed μLCR signals. Computational methods were benchmarked against previously published experimental data for 13C60Mu in solution. Analysis of the μLCR spectrum resulted in the first experimental determination of 13C hyperfine constants in either C70Mu or C70H. The large number of values confirms predictions that the four radical isomers have extended distributions of unpaired electron spin.
Department: Chemistry, Science and Technology

Title: Hidden in the shadows: The Impact of temporary worker populations on crime rate calculations
Author(s): Andrew A. Reid (author), Neil Boyd (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Crime rates have long been established as standard metrics in criminological research and have been recognized for their utility in many different contexts. The utility of crime rates, however, depends largely on the accuracy of the data that are used to operationalize them. Using three jurisdictions in the province of Alberta, Canada, as case studies, this research note sets out to assess the impact of including shadow populations (i.e., temporary workers) in the denominator of crime rate calculations. Results of the alternative crime calculations reveal that, in some cases, shadow populations make very little difference to reported crime rates. In other cases, however, shadow populations make large differences. It is concluded that municipal census data that include shadow population counts ought to be given greater consideration, particularly for municipalities with large shadow population to permanent population ratios. Les taux de criminalité, longtemps établis comme paramètres standards en recherche criminologique, sont reconnus comme étant utiles dans plusieurs différents contextes. Par contre, l’utilité des taux de criminalité dépend énormément de l’exactitude des données utilisées. En faisant l’étude de cas de trois juridictions situées dans la province de l’Alberta, au Canada, cette note sur la recherche tente d’évaluer l’impact de l’inclusion des populations transitoires (c.-à-d. des travailleurs temporaires) dans le dénominateur des calculs de taux de criminalité. Les résultats dévoilent que, dans certains cas, les populations transitoires ont un impact minime sur les taux de crimes rapportés. Dans d’autres cas, par contre, les populations transitoires ont un impact important. L’article conclut que les données de recensement municipal comprenant le décompte des populations transitoires devraient être prises en considération, surtout au sein des municipalités ayant un large ratio population transitoire-population permanente.
Department: Criminology

Title: The potential role for supervised injection facilities in Canada’s largest city, Toronto
Author(s): Ehsan Jozaghi (author), Andrew A. Reid (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Supervised injection facilities (SIFs) or supervised consumption rooms are a component of harm reduction strategies that attempt to reduce drug overdoses and risky injection behaviors among injection drug users. The purpose of this study is to determine whether expanding SIFs into the City of Toronto, Ontario, would be a fiscally responsible decision. By analyzing secondary data gathered in 2013, this article relies on mathematical models to estimate the number of new HIV and hepatitis C virus infections prevented as a result of SIF locations in Toronto. After factoring in the costs associated with SIFs, the models produce cost–benefit and cost-effectiveness outputs. With very conservative estimates, it is predicted that establishing SIF locations in Toronto is cost effective with an average benefit–cost ratio of 1:1.2 for the first two facilities based on the sensitivity analysis at 30% sharing rate. Consequently, funding SIFs in Canada’s largest city appears to be an efficient and effective use of financial resources in the public health domain with cost savings in excess of CAN$728,620 per year for the first two facilities.
Department: Criminology

Title: Male song quality modulates c-Fos expression in the auditory forebrain of the female canary
Author(s): Marie Monbureau (author), Jennifer M. Barker (author), Gérard Leboucher (author), Jacques Balthazart (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: In canaries, specific phrases of male song (sexy songs, SS) that are difficult to produce are especially attractive for females. Females exposed to SS produce more copulation displays and deposit more testosterone into their eggs than females exposed to non-sexy songs (NS). Increased expression of the immediate early genes c-Fos or zenk (a.k.a. egr-1) has been observed in the auditory forebrain of female songbirds hearing attractive songs. C-Fos immunoreactive (Fos-ir) cell numbers were quantified here in the brain of female canaries that had been collected 30 min after they had been exposed for 60 min to the playback of SS or NS or control white noise. Fos-ir cell numbers increased in the caudomedial mesopallium (CMM) and caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) of SS birds as compared to controls. Song playback (pooled SS and NS) also tended to increase average Fos-ir cell numbers in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) but this effect did not reach full statistical significance. At the individual level, Fos expression in CMM was correlated with its expression in NCM and in MBH but also with the frequency of calls that females produced in response to the playbacks. These data thus indicate that male songs of different qualities induce a differential metabolic activation of NCM and CMM. The correlation between activation of auditory regions and of the MBH might reflect the link between auditory stimulation and changes in behavior and reproductive physiology.
Department: Biology

Title: Huntingtin interacting proteins 14 and 14-like are required for chorioallantoic fusion during early placental development
Author(s): Shaun S. Sanders (author), Juan Hou (author), Liza M. Sutton (author), Victoria C. Garside (author), Katherine K.N Mui (author), Roshni R. Singaraja (author), Michael R. Hayden (author), Pamela A. Hoodless (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Huntington disease (HD) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms that is caused by a CAG expansion in the HTT gene. Palmitoylation is the addition of saturated fatty acids to proteins by DHHC palmitoylacyl transferases. HTT is palmitoylated by huntingtin interacting proteins 14 and 14-like (HIP14 and HIP14L or ZDHHC17 and 13 respectively). Mutant HTT is less palmitoylated and this reduction of palmitoylation accelerates its aggregation and increases cellular toxicity. Mouse models deficient in either Hip14 (Hip14−/−) or Hip14l (Hip14l−/−) develop HD-like phenotypes. The biological function of HTT palmitoylation and the role that loss of HTT palmitoylation plays in the pathogenesis of HD are unknown. To address these questions mice deficient for both genes were created. Loss of Hip14 and Hip14l leads to early embryonic lethality at day embryonic day 10–11 due to failed chorioallantoic fusion. The chorion is thickened and disorganized and the allantois does not fuse correctly with the chorion and forms a balloon-like shape compared to Hip14l−/−; Hip14+/+ littermate control embryos. Interestingly, the Hip14−/− ; Hip14−/− embryos share many features with the Htt−/− embryos, including folding of the yolk sac, a bulb shaped allantois, and a thickened and disorganized chorion. This may be due to a decrease in HTT palmitoylation. In Hip14−/−; Hip14l−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts show a 25% decrease in HTT palmitoylation compared to wild type cells. This is the first description of a double PAT deficient mouse model where loss of a PAT or multiple PATs results in embryonic lethality in mammals. These results reinforce the physiological importance of palmitoylation during embryogenesis.
Department: Biology

Title: Diversidad de grupos funcionales en la vegetación de la costa arenosa de los cayos Grande, Anclitas y Caguamas (archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina, Cuba): [Diversity of functional groups in the vegetation sandy seashore of the Grande, Anclitas and Caguamas Cays (Jardines de la Reina Archipelago, Cuba)]
Author(s): Carlos J. Acevedo Rodríguez (author), Luis R. González-Torres (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Sandy shores are known to be extreme ecosystems where the vegetation has evolved many morphological and physiological adaptations forits survival. With the aim of identify possible relationships between the vegetation ́s functional diversity with abiotic factors and its correspon-ding quantification, we collected data on the abundance and richness of the sandy coast vegetation complex in Grande, Anclitas and Caguamaskeys. Its flora is largely characterized by the dominance of hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes plants with nanophyllous leaves and displayingdispersal syndromes such as zoochory and anemochory. However, the functional groups ́ richness, in the present study, varies from one key toanother. Functional diversity is similar between the wet and dry seasons, and its spatial variation is influenced by the interplay of the set of abio-tic factors herein studied.
Department: Biology

Title: Moving towards social inclusion: Manager and staff perspectives on an award winning community sport and recreation program for immigrants
Author(s): Shawn D. Forde (author), Donna S. Lee (author), Cathy Mills (author), Wendy Frisby (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: This case study examined manager and staff perspectives on their local sport and recreation department's role, organizational practices, and challenges faced when developing and sustaining a wellness program for immigrants that received a program excellence award from a provincial recreation association in Canada. Data were collected through a document analysis and interviews with all 10 staff and managers involved in the development and implementation of the newcomer wellness program, an integrated intervention with a physical activity and sport component. The findings revealed that the recreation department largely adopted an assimilation role where newcomers were expected to fit into existing programs and the implications of this are discussed. Managers and staff pointed to four key organizational practices that fostered newcomer inclusion including: having multiple staff champions, using a leisure access counselling approach, developing community partnerships and outreach, and implementing culturally sensitive marketing. Challenges encountered were reducing multiple barriers to program participation, uncertainty about interculturalism, managing partnerships, and a reliance on short-term funding that threatened the sustainability of the program. We extend a theoretical framework on the organizational dimension of social inclusion, suggest ideas for future research, and discuss implications for community sport and recreation practitioners.
Department: Sport Science

Title: High proportion of cactus species threatened with extinction
Author(s): Bárbara Goettsch (author), Craig Hilton-Taylor (author), Héctor M. Hernández (author), Gabriela Cruz-Piñón (author), James P. Duffy (author), Anne Frances (author), Richard Inger (author), Caroline Pollock (author), Jan Schipper (author), Mariella Superina (author), Luis R. Gonzales-Torres (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: A high proportion of plant species is predicted to be threatened with extinction in the near future. However, the threat status of only a small number has been evaluated compared with key animal groups, rendering the magnitude and nature of the risks plants face unclear. Here we report the results of a global species assessment for the largest plant taxon evaluated to date under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, the iconic Cactaceae (cacti). We show that cacti are among the most threatened taxonomic groups assessed to date, with 31% of the 1,478 evaluated species threatened, demonstrating the high anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity in arid lands. The distribution of threatened species and the predominant threatening processes and drivers are different to those described for other taxa. The most significant threat processes comprise land conversion to agriculture and aquaculture, collection as biological resources, and residential and commercial development. The dominant drivers of extinction risk are the unscrupulous collection of live plants and seeds for horticultural trade and private ornamental collections, smallholder livestock ranching and smallholder annual agriculture. Our findings demonstrate that global species assessments are readily achievable for major groups of plants with relatively moderate resources, and highlight different conservation priorities and actions to those derived from species assessments of key animal groups.
Department: Biology

Title: Where the words end and my body begins
Author(s): Amber Dawn (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Award-winning writer Amber Dawn reveals a gutsy lyrical sensibility in her debut poetry collection: a suite of glosa poems written as an homage to and an interaction with queer poets, such as the legendary Gertrude Stein, Christina Rossetti, and Adrienne Rich, as well as contemporaries like Leah Horlick, Rachel Rose, and Trish Salah. (Glosas, a 15th-century Spanish form, typically open with a quatrain from an existing poem by another writer, followed by four stanzas of ten lines each, and usually end with a line repeated from the opening quatrain.) By doing so, Amber Dawn delves deeper into the themes of trauma, memory, and unblushing sexuality that define her work. From publisher description.
Subject(s): Canadian poetry (English)--21st century, Canadian poetry (English)--Women authors, Canadian poetry--21st century, Canadian poetry--Women authors
Department: Creative Writing, Language, Literature and Performing Arts

Title: Exercising rationality: Effects of caffeine and exercise on economic decision making
Author(s): Nicole Vittoz (author), Iloradanon Efimoff (author), Sara Saeedi (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Poster presented at the Society for Judgement and Decision Making (2015, 36th annual conference), Chicago, IL, USA.
Subject(s): Caffeine--Psychological aspects, Caffeine--Physiological effect, Exercise--Psychological aspects, Exercise--Physiological aspects, Finance, Personal, Economics--Decision making, Decision making--Economic aspects, Risk-taking (Psychology)--Economic aspects, Judgment
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: The naturally emerging structure of well-being among young adults: "Big Two" or other framework?
Author(s): Carmel Proctor (author), Roger Tweed (author), Daniel Morris (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: This study explored common measures of well-being to assess whether the naturally emerging relationships are best explained by a “Big Two” (hedonic vs. eudaimonic) or another, yet to be discovered framework. A sample of young adult participants (n = 355) completed measures of life satisfaction, flourishing, positive and negative experience, meaning in life, basic psychological needs, and subjective happiness. Goldberg’s (2006) Bass-Ackward procedure of component analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables. Results indicated that life satisfaction and flourishing loaded on both hedonic and eudaimonic variables at several levels of the analysis, suggesting that these constructs may be outcomes of both hedonia and eudaimonia. Results further indicated that searching for meaning was distinct from hedonia, but was not an effective indicator of eudaimonic well-being. Overall, the results justify the distinction between hedonia and eudaimonia; however, they also suggest that further distinctions between different measures of well-being are required. Moreover, life satisfaction may be a superordinate category that reflects outcomes of both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Thus, the “Big Three” of positive psychology (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) is neither purely hedonic, nor purely eudaimonic, nor a balanced combination of the two, and thus is deficient as an indicator of either type of well-being. Furthermore, the results suggests that further understanding the place of life satisfaction within hedonic and eudaimonic conceptualizations of happiness is important in enhancing our overall understanding of well-being.
Subject(s): Well-being, Satisfaction, Happiness, Quality of life
Department: Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences

Title: Bioinformatic analysis of chlamydia trachomatis polymorphic membrane proteins PmpE, PmpF, PmpG and PmpH as potential vaccine antigens
Author(s): Alexandra Nunes (author), João P. Gomes (author), Karuna P. Karunakaran (author), Robert C. Brunham (author)
Date: 2015
Abstract: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most important infectious cause of infertility in women with important implications in public health and for which a vaccine is urgently needed. Recent immunoproteomic vaccine studies found that four polymorphic membrane proteins (PmpE, PmpF, PmpG and PmpH) are immunodominant, recognized by various MHC class II haplotypes and protective in mouse models. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate genetic and protein features of Pmps (focusing on the N-terminal 600 amino acids where MHC class II epitopes were mapped) in order to understand antigen variation that may emerge following vaccine induced immune selection. We used several bioinformatics platforms to study: i) Pmps’ phylogeny and genetic polymorphism; ii) the location and distribution of protein features (GGA(I, L)/FxxN motifs and cysteine residues) that may impact pathogen-host interactions and protein conformation; and iii) the existence of phase variation mechanisms that may impact Pmps’ expression. We used a well-characterized collection of 53 fully-sequenced strains that represent the C. trachomatis serovars associated with the three disease groups: ocular (N=8), epithelial-genital (N=25) and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) (N=20). We observed that PmpF and PmpE are highly polymorphic between LGV and epithelial-genital strains, and also within populations of the latter. We also found heterogeneous representation among strains for GGA(I, L)/FxxN motifs and cysteine residues, suggesting possible alterations in adhesion properties, tissue specificity and immunogenicity. PmpG and, to a lesser extent, PmpH revealed low polymorphism and high conservation of protein features among the genital strains (including the LGV group). Uniquely among the four Pmps, pmpG has regulatory sequences suggestive of phase variation. In aggregate, the results suggest that PmpG may be the lead vaccine candidate because of sequence conservation but may need to be paired with another protective antigen (like PmpH) in order to prevent immune selection of phase variants.
Subject(s): Chlamydia trachomatis, Vaccines, Membrane proteins, Antigens, Immunoinformatics
Department: Biology, Science and Technology