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Pages
- Title
- Flora de la región ultramáfica (serpentinícola) de Guamuhaya
- Author(s)
- Alenna V. Glaría (author), Luis R. González-Torres (author), Rosalina B. Iturralde (author), Eldis B. Granados (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- The ultramafic (serpentine) outcrops of Cuba represent the 7% of Cuban surface and are the largest one of the Caribbean region. Ultramafic soils usually have low levels of nutrients, and toxic levels of Mg and heavy metals. In this paper, we characterize the flora of the Guamuhaya ultramafic region and analyze its possible origin and phytogeographical relationships. This region contains 233 species, 55 of them are Cuban endemism and one (Rondeletia bicolor) is restricted to this region. This flora is mostly composed by Antillean, Neotropical and Central-west Cuban species.
- Department
- Biology
- Title
- Lack of behavioral and neuropathological effects of dietary β-methylamino- l-alanine (BMAA) in mice
- Author(s)
- Reyniel Cruz-Aguado (author), Daniella Winkler (author), Christopher A. Shaw (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- β-Methylamino- l-alanine (BMAA) is an excitotoxin allegedly involved in ALS–parkinsonism–dementia complex (ALS–PDC), a neurological disorder found in Guam and its surrounding islands, in which motor neuron disease symptoms can present alone or can co-occur with parkinsonism and dementia. Although in vitro experiments have shown BMAA's neurotoxic properties, studies using adult animals and systemic administration which better model the case of environmentally-induced human neurodegenerative diseases have not supported the involvement of BMAA in these disorders. In order to better test the hypothesized role of BMAA in neurodegeneration, we fed adult mice BMAA at a dose (28 mg/kg body weight, daily for 30 days) that reproduces the natural levels and tested the animals with a battery of behavioural tests, the latter including the evaluation of motor coordination, motor neuron-mediated reflexes, locomotion, muscular strength and memory. We also assessed whether BMAA exposure triggers cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice by examining neuronal numbers and glial response in the spinal cord and the brain. No motor, cognitive or neuropathological outcome resulted from this feeding paradigm. Our findings support neither the causal role of BMAA in neurodegeneration nor the specific involvement of this amino acid in ALS–PDC.
- Department
- Biology
- Title
- Studying the mechanosensitivity of voltage-gated channels using oocyte patches
- Author(s)
- Catherine E. Morriss (author), Catherine E. Morris (author), Peter F. Juranka (author), Wei Lin (author), Terence J. Morris (author), Ulrike Laitko (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
-
Located in the book "Xenopus Protocols: Cell Biology and Signal Transduction" edited by Johne X Liu, the chapter, "Studying the mechanosensitivity of voltage-gated channels using oocyte patches" was written by the listed authors including Terence J. Morris (Douglas College Faculty).
- Department
- Biology
- Title
- Experience research social change: methods beyond the mainstream
- Author(s)
- Sandra Kirby (author), Lorraine Greaves (author), Colleen Reid (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- Experience Research Social Change: Methods Beyond the Mainstream discusses the issues emerging within contemporary social science research. Based on their extensive applied research experience, the authors build the important theoretical framing and methodological (practical and analytical) steps, enabling those new to social science approaches to undertake social research oriented toward social change. Experience Research Social Change also captures the emerging issues and debates, particularly those concerning research ethics, working in research teams, and doing interdisciplinary and collaborative work. This new edition is an essential book for a whole new generation of students, researchers, and lecturers within the social sciences.
- Subject(s)
- Social sciences--Research--Methodology, Research--Moral and ethical aspects, Research teams
- Department
- Therapeutic Recreation
- Title
- Consideraciones sobre el manejo del área "El Tibisial" para la conservación de la flora ultramáfica (serpentinícola) de Guamuhaya
- Author(s)
- Alenna V. Glaría (author), Alejandro Palmarola (author), Luis R. González-Torres (author), Rosalina Berazaín (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- The Cuban ultramafic areas support the highest plant diversity and endemism of the island and are frequently damaged by human activities. In this work we hold up the importance of "El Tibisial" for conserving the ultramafic flora of Guamuhaya region. The 73.3 % of Guamuhaya ultramafic flora and 49 of the 55 endemic plants reported to this region occurs at "El Tibisial" area. In this area 67 species are useful for humans. This area supports two types of plant communities: the spiny xeromorphic thicket on serpentine soil and the secondary spiny xeromorphic thicket on serpentine soil.
- Department
- Biology
- Title
- Primer reporte de Magnolia virginiana (Magnoliaceae) en Cuba
- Author(s)
- Ramona O. Prieto (author), Alejandro Palmarola Bejerano (author), Nelvis G. Campos (author), Luis R. González-Torres (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- Los representantes del género Magnolia L. (Magnoliaceae) se distribuyen en el sureste de Asia y desde el sureste de América del Norte hasta el sur de Panamá y las Antillas Mayores (Treseder 1978, Callaway 1994). Hasta el momento para Cuba han sido reportadas tres especies de Magnolia con ocho taxones infraespecíficos (Imchanitskaja 1991). Estas especies son endémicas y se distribuyen en Cuba Central y Oriental. Generalmente, las especies cubanas de Magnolia se desarrollan por encima de los 700 msm en bosques pluviales montanos o bosques nublados, sobre suelos ácidos o lateritas (Bisse 1988, Imchanitskaya 1991). En similares condiciones ecológicas viven las magnolias de La Española y Puerto Rico (Alain 1983, 1985) mientras que para Jamaica no se reportan magnolias nativas (Adams 1972).
- Department
- Biology
- Title
- Hypocretin/Orexin selectively increases dopamine efflux within the prefrontal cortex: involvement of the ventral tegmental area
- Author(s)
- Nicole M. Vittoz (author), Craig W. Berridge (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- Hypocretins (HCRTs) modulate a variety of behavioral and physiological processes, in part via interactions with multiple ascending modulatory systems. Further, HCRT efferents from the lateral hypothalamus innervate midbrain dopamine (DA) nuclei, and DA cell bodies express HCRT receptors. Combined, these observations suggest that HCRT may influence behavioral state and/or state-dependent processes via modulation of DA neurotransmission. The current studies used in vivo microdialysis in the unanesthetized rat to first characterize the effect of intracerebroventricular infusion of HCRT-1 (0.07, 0.7 nmol) on extracellular levels of DA within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (Acc). Electroencephalographic/electromyographic measures of sleep–wake state were collected along with select behavioral measures (eg locomotor activity, grooming). HCRT-1 dose-dependently increased PFC dialysate DA levels, and these increases were closely correlated with increases in time spent awake. In contrast, Acc DA levels were unaffected. Additional studies examined whether HCRT-1 acts directly within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to selectively increase PFC DA efflux and modulate behavioral state. Unilateral infusion of HCRT-1 (0.1, 1.0 nmol) within the VTA increased PFC, but not Acc, DA levels. Importantly, intra-VTA infusion of HCRT-1 increased the time spent awake and grooming. Moreover, HCRT-induced increases in both time spent awake and time spent grooming were significantly correlated with post-infusion PFC DA levels. The current observations predict a prominent modulatory influence of HCRT on PFC-dependent cognitive and affective processes that results, in part, from actions within the VTA. Additionally, these observations suggest that the activation of VTA DA neurons contributes to the behavioral state-modulatory actions of HCRT.
- Subject(s)
- Orexins, Dopamine, Dopaminergic neurons, Nucleus accumbens, Prefrontal cortex, Arousal (Physiology)
- Department
- Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences
- Title
- Honour yourself: inspiring lessons to enrich your life
- Author(s)
- Kathleen Stephany (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- Everyone needs a something or someone to believe in so why not start by believing in you. In each of the lessons in this book I speak from my heart about my own journey toward self-respect and the path that I have led many of my clients on. I want you to travel along with me to this place that you do not know, the place in you that lies like a sleeping beauty, longing for the sun of day. We will embark on this journey together. Let me help you find your treasure. - Kathleen Stephany
- Subject(s)
- Self-esteem, Self-actualization (Psychology)
- Department
- Nursing
- Title
- The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence: Biopolitics and the state of exception
- Author(s)
- Devin Z. Shaw (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- In this essay, I attempt to show that the “war on terror” intensifies the use of biopolitical techniques. One such example, which I take as a point of departure, is Guantánamo Bay. We must place this camp in its proper genealogy with the many camps of the twentieth century. However, this genealogy is not a genealogy of the extremes of political space during and after the twentieth century; it is a genealogy of the transformation of political space itself. I will attempt to show this in three steps: first, a description and critique of the biopolitical in both Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, who I take as exemplary in their analyses; second, an analysis of contemporary biopolitical techniques (including the camp), which enables us to avoid the liberal-democratic ideological misunderstanding of the war on terror; and third, a discussion regarding resistance to biopolitical techniques.
- Department
- Philosophy, Humanities and Social Sciences
- Title
- Context-dependent prefrontal cortex regulation of cocaine self-administration and reinstatement behaviors in rats
- Author(s)
- Nina C. Di Pietro (author), Yolanda D. Black (author), Kathleen M. Kantak (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- Evidence of stimulus attribute‐specificity within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) suggests that different prefrontal subregions may contribute to cocaine addiction in functionally distinct ways. Thus, the present study examined the effects of lidocaine‐induced inactivation of two distinct PFC subregions, the prelimbic (PL) or dorsal agranular insular (AId) cortices, on drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behaviors under cocaine maintenance and reinstatement testing conditions in rats trained to self‐administer 1 mg/kg cocaine under a second‐order schedule of drug delivery. Throughout maintenance and reinstatement phases, rats were exposed to conditioned light cues and contextual odor or sound cues. Results showed that PL inactivation during maintenance test sessions significantly reduced drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behaviors, and disrupted patterns of responding in rats exposed to light–sound, but not light–odor, cues. Moreover, lidocaine‐induced inactivation of the PL significantly attenuated drug‐seeking behavior during cue‐induced and cocaine prime‐induced reinstatement in rats exposed to light–sound cues only. In contrast, AId inactivation significantly attenuated cue‐induced reinstatement of drug‐seeking behavior in rats exposed to light–odor cues only. Drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behaviors in these rats were not disrupted during maintenance and cocaine prime‐induced reinstatement testing regardless of the type of contextual cues used. Together, these data suggest that PL and AId subregions play separate yet overlapping roles in regulating cocaine addiction in rats in ways that are dependent on the presence or absence of cocaine and on the types of contextual cues present in the cocaine self‐administration environment.
- Subject(s)
- Prefrontal cortex, Frontal lobes, Lidocaine, Acetanilide, Cocaine, Cocaine abuse, Local anesthetics, Laboratory animals--Behavior, Rats--Behavior
- Department
- Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences
- Title
- Cortical expressions of inhibition of return
- Author(s)
- David J. Prime (author), Lawrence M. Ward (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- Inhibition of return (IOR) is a phenomenon that has been thought to be closely associated with attention mechanisms. In particular, it might arise from the operation of an attentional mechanism that facilitates visual search by inhibiting both covert attention and eye movements from returning to recently inspected locations. Although IOR has received a great deal of research interest, and mechanisms involving sensory, perceptual, and motor consequences have been proposed, no consensus has yet been reached regarding the stages of information processing at which IOR operates. In the present study, we utilized event-related potential (ERP) measures of visual and motor processes to investigate the processing changes underlying IOR. In three experiments, involving localization, detection, or Go–NoGo discrimination, participants were required to make manual responses to target stimuli. In each of these experiments, IOR was associated with a slowing of premotor processes as indicated by a modulation of the onset of the target-locked lateralized readiness potential (LRP). However, the duration of motor processes was not affected (response-locked LRP latency). Consistent with a perceptual locus of IOR, the amplitudes of the occipital ERP peaks were reduced for targets at cued locations relative to those at uncued locations. These and earlier results together provide considerable support for a model in which salience mechanisms that guide attention orienting are also affected by IOR, in that processing a stimulus at a location results in a lowering of its salience for future processing, making orienting to that location, and responding to targets presented there, more time consuming.
- Subject(s)
- Attention, Visual cortex, Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology), Space perception, Human information processing
- Department
- Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences
- Title
- Democratic paradoxes: Thomas Hill Green on democracy and education
- Author(s)
- Darin R. Nesbitt (author), Elizabeth Trott (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- This paper provides an account of the paradoxes of teaching democracy, the paradoxes of being a citizen in a liberal democracy, and the insights that can be gained from the model of citizenship that T.H. Green promoted. Green thought citizenship was predicated on the twin foundations of the community and the common good. Freedom for Green means individual self-determination coupled with recognition of the dependency relations between individuals and the community. Green is noteworthy not only as a theorist but also as an active contributor to the development of public schools in England. A consideration of his arguments provides a model for educating citizens, addresses the paradoxes of democracy in education, and reveals elements of his philosophy that are relevant to educational issues today.
- Subject(s)
- Citizenship, Common good, Self-realization, Democracy and education, Political science
- Department
- Political Science, Humanities and Social Sciences
- Title
- Hallazgo de Leptocereus wrightii (Cactaceae) en Puerto Escondido, La Habana
- Author(s)
- Luis R. González-Torres (author), Alejandro Palmarola Bejerano (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- Leptocereus wrightii León es quizás la especie de Cactaceae más amenazada de Cuba. Berazaín & al.(2005) la refieren en Peligro Crítico pero ha llegado a considerarse Extinta en la naturaleza (Gutiérrez 2005) o Extinta (Borhidi & Muñiz 1983).
- Department
- Biology
- Title
- The good mother: Does nest-site selection constitute parental investment in turtles?
- Author(s)
- Elinor J. Hughes Matheson (author), Ronald J. Brooks (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- We tested the hypothesis that female midland painted turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata Agassiz, 1857) provide significant parental care to their offspring through their choice of nest site. Painted turtle nest sites can be described in relation to specific microhabitat characteristics that, because of their effects on soil microclimate, may influence survival to hatch. We created models of the relationships between nest-site microhabitat and nest-site selection and between nest-site microhabitat and survival to hatch, and judged the fit of the models using Akaike’s information criterion corrected for small sample sizes. Female painted turtles selected nest sites with little canopy cover, little understory vegetation, and a southwestern slope aspect. Increased survival to hatch was associated with decreased organic content, which may serve as a surrogate for little or no vegetation or canopy cover. Nests in sites selected by turtles had slightly higher survival to hatch rates than nests in randomly chosen sites, suggesting that turtles may choose nest sites which increase offspring survival. Selection of nest sites may constitute significant parental investment and should be considered in studies of turtle life history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Department
- Biology
- Title
- Activity theory and context: An understanding of the development of constructivist instructional design models
- Author(s)
- Laura G. Farres (author), Colla J. MacDonald (author), Antonio D. de Figueiredo (editor), Ana P. Afonso (editor)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- The chapter, "Activity theory and context: An understanding of the development of constructivist instructional design models" was written by the listed authors including Laura G. Farres (Douglas College Faculty). Constructivist instructional design (ID) models have emerged with more frequency within e-learning. These models offer guiding principles congruent with constructivist approaches to teaching and learning. Although constructivist ID models share common principles, each model also offers a unique approach to e-learning based on its context of development. Consequently, certain models will also be more authentic and meaningful for a particular situation depending on their compatibility to that particular context. If that context can be understood, then direction can be given as to the best application for the model. This chapter introduces activity theory (AT) as a lens from which to understand the context of constructivist ID model development in e-learning. It argues that AT provides a suitable frame-work for naturalistic inquiry within complex settings and establishes a language from which a better comparison of context can occur.
- Department
- Sport Science
- Title
- The meaning of occupational health among human resources professionals - a qualitative study
- Author(s)
- Kim Blizzard (author), Patricia B. Strasser (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- The study findings provide clear rationale for employing occupational health nurses as specialists in understanding occupational health, particularly in the areas of information seeking (e.g., identifying health resources and best practices) and illness or disability management (e.g., managing complex cases and addressing psycho-social factors). Occupational health nurses can assist human resources professionals to direct their energies to administrative and cultural features within their organizations that impact the health of employees and that clearly fall within their realm of expertise (e.g., working to create a workplace climate of genuine concern for employees). Occupational health nurses can provide aggregate information on the health of the work force to strategically encourage, direct, and harness employer investments in workplace health. Finding ways to translate and communicate workplace health information so it is accessible and usable by employers to direct decision making is a key role for occupational health nurses.
- Subject(s)
- Industrial nursing, Personnel management--Health aspects, Industrial safety, Industrial hygiene, Health behavior
- Department
- Nursing
- Title
- Finding the ‘action’ in feminist participatory action research
- Author(s)
- Colleen Reid (author), Allison Tom (author), Wendy Frisby (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- Although feminist researchers have increasingly called for participatory and action-oriented research, there have been few analyses of the diverse actions that can occur. We theorized the actions considered and implemented in a feminist participatory action research project (FPAR). For three years we collaborated intensively with a group of diverse women on low income who were involved in a FPAR project designed to reduce social isolation and other self-identified health problems. Our data set included tape recordings of 32 one-on-one interviews, 15 research meetings, and extensive fieldnotes. Our findings indicated that actions occurred on both individual and collective levels; some had been enacted prior to the project and were shared to promote ongoing or new actions, while others arose as a consequence of the women's involvement in the project. Additionally, some actions were implemented and actualized while others, though discussed at length, remained hopes for the future. While the research participants reported the benefits of being involved in such projects, they also spoke of the potential risks. Our findings revealed the complexities of taking action in FPAR and highlight important considerations for others wishing to engage in this type of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subject(s)
- Action research, Women--Health and hygiene--Sociological aspects, Participant observation, Social participation, Social isolation, Socialist feminism, Feminism, Feminist theory
- Department
- Therapeutic Recreation
- Title
- The role of instability with resistance training
- Author(s)
- David G. Behm (author), Kenneth G. Anderson (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- There are many instances in daily life and sport in which force must be exerted when an individual performing the task is in an unstable condition. Instability can decrease the externally-measured force output of a muscle while maintaining high muscle activation. The high muscle activation of limbs and trunk when unstable can be attributed to the increased stabilization functions. The increased stress associated with instability has been postulated to promote greater neuromuscular adaptations, such as decreased co-contractions, improved coordination, and confidence in performing a skill. In addition, high muscle activation with less stress on joints and muscles could also be beneficial for general musculoskeletal health and rehabilitation. However, the lower force output may be detrimental to absolute strength gains when resistance training. Furthermore, other studies have reported increased co-contractions with unstable training. The positive effects of instability resistance training on sports performance have yet to be quantified. The examination of the literature suggests that when implementing a resistance training program for musculoskeletal health or rehabilitation, both stable and unstable exercises should be included to ensure an emphasis on both higher force (stable) and balance (unstable) stressors to the neuromuscular system.
- Department
- Sport Science
- Title
- Poor women's discourses of legitimacy, poverty, and health
- Author(s)
- Colleen Reid (author), Allison Tom (author)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
- In this study, we sought a better understanding of how poor women made meaning of their poverty and health. Twenty research participants used varied, multiple, and at times contradictory discourses that shaped their identities as both legitimate and powerful and illegitimate and powerless. We identified four discourses in the women's talk - illegitimate dependencies, legitimate dependencies, overwhelming odds, and critique and collectivism. These four discourses revealed complexes of meanings and networks of interpretation that subverted, accommodated, and reinterpreted dominant discourses of poverty and health. This examination is relevant for feminist researchers attempting to understand the impact of dominant discourses in the lives of socially marginalized women who continually struggle to establish and strengthen claims to legitimacy and moral worth. -- From publisher description.
- Subject(s)
- Poor women--Health and hygiene--Research, Poverty--Health aspects, Women--Health and hygiene--Sociological aspects, Action research, Participant observation
- Department
- Therapeutic Recreation
- Title
- Growing occupation of professional writing in academic spaces: combinations of theory and practice
- Author(s)
- Diana Wegner (author), Maureen Nicholson (author), Roger Graves (editor), Heather Graves (editor)
- Date
- 2006
- Abstract
-
The book chapter, "Growing occupation of professional writing in academic spaces: combinations of theory and practice" is written by the listed authors including Maureen Nicholson (Douglas College).
Writing Centres, Writing Seminars, Writing Culture: Writing Instruction in Anglo-Canadian Universities brings together insights into the history of how writing has been taught in Canadian universities alongside profiles of how specific university academic units teach writing today. Engineering courses, writing centers, and writing programs are all represented, each one providing different models of how writing can be taught within their specific academic context. The editors' introduction, an essay surveying current practices throughout Canadian universities, and the Afterword by Russ Hunt suggest ways of making sense of the tangled garden that is the teaching of writing in Canadian universities.
From publisher description.
- Subject(s)
- Academic writing--Study and teaching (Higher)--Canada, English language--Rhetoric--Study and teaching (Higher)--Canada, Writing centers--Canada
- Department
- Communications, Language, Literature and Performing Arts